The work is therefore titled Lunyu meaning "edited conversations" or "selected speeches" (i.e.
The Analects of Confucius, from Östasiatiska Museet, StockholmĪccording to Ban Gu, writing in the Book of Han, the Analects originated as individual records kept by Confucius's disciples of conversations between the Master and them, which were then collected and jointly edited by the disciples after Confucius's death in 479 BC. His primary goal in educating his students was to produce ethically well-cultivated men who would carry themselves with gravity, speak correctly, and demonstrate consummate integrity in all things. He taught that one's individual desires do not need to be suppressed, but that people should be educated to reconcile their desires via rituals and forms of propriety, through which people could demonstrate their respect for others and their responsible roles in society.Ĭonfucius taught that a ruler's sense of virtue was his primary prerequisite for leadership. He believed that individuals could begin to cultivate an all-encompassing sense of virtue through ren, and that the most basic step to cultivating ren was devotion to one's parents and older siblings. The Analects has been one of the most widely-read and studied books in China for the last 2,000 years, and continues to have a substantial influence on Chinese and East Asian thought and values today.Ĭonfucius believed that the welfare of a country depended on the moral cultivation of its people, beginning from the nation's leadership.
By the early Han dynasty the Analects was considered merely a "commentary" on the Five Classics, but the status of the Analects grew to be one of the central texts of Confucianism by the end of that dynasty.ĭuring the late Song dynasty (960–1279 AD) the importance of the Analects as a Chinese philosophy work was raised above that of the older Five Classics, and it was recognized as one of the " Four Books". It is believed to have been written during the Warring States period (475–221 BCE), and it achieved its final form during the mid- Han dynasty (206 BCE–220 CE).
The Analects ( Chinese: 論語 pinyin: Lúnyǔ Old Chinese: u ŋ(r)aʔ meaning "Selected Sayings" ), also known as the Analects of Confucius, the Sayings of Confucius, or the Lun Yu, is an ancient Chinese book composed of a large collection of sayings and ideas attributed to the Chinese philosopher Confucius and his contemporaries, traditionally believed to have been compiled and written by Confucius's followers. "Selected Sayings", or "Edited Conversations" "Analects" in ancient seal script (top), Traditional (middle), and Simplified (bottom) Chinese characters
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